5-Amino-1MQ: A Research Overview of NNMT Inhibition
5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule compound widely used in research as a selective inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). NNMT is a cytosolic, SAM-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide and related heterocycles, producing metabolites such as 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA). Through this activity, NNMT directly influences NAD⁺ salvage, methionine cycle flux, and cellular methyl-group balance. Because of […]
MOTS-c and Exercise Performance: What the Research Shows
A headline that’s been widely repeated since 2021 is that MOTS-c—sometimes nicknamed an “exercise protein”—can meaningfully improve physical performance in aging mice. That phrasing comes from a news release out of USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology describing research published in Nature Communications. Here’s the research story, rewritten cleanly for CombatResearch.is, with the important context […]
What Is NAD+?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is one of the most important molecules in biology. It exists in virtually every living cell—from bacteria to humans—and serves as a central hub for energy production, cellular repair, and stress response signaling. NAD+ was first described more than a century ago by Arthur Harden, who identified a heat-stable factor in […]
The Mitochondrial Signaling Peptide MOTS-c Improves Myocardial Performance During Exercise Training in Rats
Regular exercise is strongly associated with cardiovascular benefits, including improved blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles. In animal models, repeated aerobic training can suppress atherogenesis, increase nitric oxide availability, and drive physiological cardiac remodeling—the adaptive changes that occur when the heart becomes more efficient under training stress. A growing body of research now suggests […]
A Brief Review of MOTS-c
MOTS-c is part of a growing class of signaling molecules known as mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs)—short peptides encoded within mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that appear to exert biological effects beyond traditional mitochondrial energy production. Human mtDNA contains 37 established genes (2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 protein-coding genes for electron transport chain components). More recently, researchers have […]
Semax Stimulates BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key neurotrophin involved in neuronal survival and growth, synaptic plasticity, and the signaling processes that support learning and memory. BDNF is broadly expressed throughout the body, including the central nervous system (CNS) as well as peripheral tissues such as the gut. Why BDNF matters in nootropic and neuroprotection research […]
Semax vs. Noopept: What to Know in 2026
Semax and Noopept are two well-known research nootropics under investigation for their potential roles in learning enhancement, memory formation, neuroprotection, and anxiety reduction. Both compounds are peptide-based derivatives inspired by naturally occurring molecules and have been studied extensively in animal and preclinical models for safety and efficacy. Although decades of research exist—particularly in Eastern Europe […]
Sermorelin vs. Ipamorelin and Tesamorelin
Comparing Growth Hormone–Modulating Peptides Sermorelin, Ipamorelin, and Tesamorelin are all peptides investigated for their ability to stimulate growth hormone (GH) release, yet they differ significantly in mechanism of action, secretion patterns, and downstream effects. These differences make each peptide valuable for distinct research objectives. Sermorelin: Modulating the GH Axis Sermorelin is a synthetic analogue of […]
Tesamorelin vs. Sermorelin: Understanding Key GHRH Peptides
Tesamorelin and Sermorelin are synthetic growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) analogues widely studied for their effects on growth hormone (GH) secretion and body composition. While closely related in structure and function, each peptide has distinct research applications and physiological targets. Sermorelin: Supporting Endogenous GH Production Sermorelin is a truncated analogue of naturally occurring GHRH. It works […]
Retatrutide: A Multi-Receptor Peptide at the Forefront of Metabolic Research
Available now at CombatResearch.is — the most trusted source for high-quality test peptides in the USA. What Is Retatrutide? Retatrutide is a novel investigational peptide that has emerged as a promising compound in the field of metabolic and obesity-related research. As a multi-receptor agonist, Retatrutide is engineered to simultaneously activate GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), GIP (glucose-dependent […]